Introduction
1.
Community Health and Economic Prosperity: Engaging Businesses as Stewards and Stakeholders–A Report of the Surgeon General [Internet] (Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2021), Chapter 2: How Neighborhoods Shape Health and Opportunity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568862/.
2.
“Income, employment and wealth,” County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, accessed June, 2025, https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/community-conditions/social-and-economic-factors/income-employment-and-wealth.
3.
Matthew Hall, Howard Wial, Devon Yee, The evolution and landscape of under-resourced communities in U.S. metropolitan areas, Economic Development Quarterly, 37(4), 302-327, 2023, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08912424231189654.
4.
“Economic Stability,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, accessed 2025, https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/economic-stability.
5.
Community Health and Economic Prosperity: Engaging Businesses as Stewards and Stakeholders–A Report of the Surgeon General [Internet] (Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2021), Chapter 2: How Neighborhoods Shape Health and Opportunity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568862/.
6.
Matthew Hall, Howard Wial, Devon Yee, The evolution and landscape of under-resourced communities in U.S. metropolitan areas, Economic Development Quarterly, 37(4), 302-327, 2023, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08912424231189654.
7.
Peter Eberhardt, Howard Wial, and Devon Yee, The New Face of Under-Resourced Communities (Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, 2020), page #2, https://icic.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-New-Face-of_Under-Resourced-Communities.pdf.
8.
Sheila Mammen, Ann Berry, Carolyn Bird, and Kelly Chandler, “Rural Low-Income Families’ Quest for Economic Security: It Takes More Than a Paycheck,” Family Science Review Volume 22, Issue 1 (2018): 9-25, accessed November 2025, https://www.familyscienceassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2018-22-1-Rural-low-income-families-quest-for-economic-security_-Mammen-Berry-Bird-_-Chandler.pdf.
9.
Many Rural Americans Are Still “Left Behind” (Institute for Research on Poverty: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2020), https://www.irp.wisc.edu/resource/many-rural-americans-are-still-left-behind/#_edn13.
10.
“Rural Healthcare Workforce,” Rural Health Information Hub, last reviewed January 10, 2025, https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/health-care-workforce.
11.
2021 KIDS COUNT Data Book: 2021 State Trends in Child Well-Being (Baltimore: Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2021), page 15, https://assets.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecf-2021kidscountdatabook-2021.pdf.
12.
August Benzow and Kenan Fikri, The Expanded Geography of High-poverty Neighborhoods: How the economic recovery from the Great Recession failed to change the landscape of poverty in the United States, (Washington, DC: Economic Innovation Group, May 2020), page 12, https://eig.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Expanded-Geography-High-Poverty-Neighborhoods.pdf.
13.
Ana Hernández Kent and Lowell Ricketts, “Wealth Gaps between White, Black and Hispanic Families in 2019,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January 5, 2021, accessed May 10, 2022, https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2021/january/wealth-gaps-white-black-hispanic-families-2019.
14.
Community Health and Economic Prosperity: Engaging Businesses as Stewards and Stakeholders–A Report of the Surgeon General [Internet] (Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2021), Chapter 2: How Neighborhoods Shape Health and Opportunity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568862/.
Key Terms
15.
For further definitions and information about Community Benefit, refer to: “Jargon Buster,” Build Healthy Places Network, accessed August 2025 http://www.buildhealthyplaces.org/jargon-buster/; and “What are hospital community benefits?” (Baltimore, MD: The Hilltop Institute, 2013), accessed August 2016 http://www.hilltopinstitute.org/publications/WhatAreHCBsTwoPager-February2013.pdf.
16.
For further definitions and information about Community Health Needs Assessments, refer to: “Jargon Buster,” Build Healthy Places Network, accessed August 2016 http://www.buildhealthyplaces.org/jargon-buster/.
17.
“Community Wealth Building,” Democracy Collaborative, last modified 2023, accessed on March 26, 2024, https://democracycollaborative.org/programs/cwb (link no longer active).
18.
Health and health equity are defined by The Build Healthy Places Network, which utilizes definitions from the World Health Organization. For more information, see: “Jargon Buster,” Build Healthy Places Network, accessed August 2016, http://www.buildhealthyplaces.org/jargon-buster/; and “WHO Constitution,” World Health Organization, accessed March 2022, https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution.
19.
“Social Determinants of Health,” World Health Organization, accessed April 2015, http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/; Tyler Norris and Ted Howard, Can Hospitals Heal America’s Communities? “All in for Mission” is the Emerging Model for Impact (Takoma Park, MD: The Democracy Collaborative, 2015; and “County Health Rankings & Roadmaps,” University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, accessed September 2015, http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/Our-Approach.
20.
Maureen Conway and Robert P. Giloth, eds., Connecting People to Work: Workforce Intermediaries and Sector Strategies (Washington DC: Aspen Institute, Published by The American Assembly Columbia University, 2014), page #5, https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Final-Version-Connecting-People-to-Work.pdf.
1.1 Core Elements of Outside-in Programs
21.
Maureen Conway and Robert P. Giloth, eds., Connecting People to Work: Workforce Intermediaries and Sector Strategies (Washington DC: Aspen Institute, Published by The American Assembly Columbia University, 2014), page #5, https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Final-Version-Connecting-People-to-Work.pdf.
22.
Maureen Conway and Robert P. Giloth, eds., Connecting People to Work: Workforce Intermediaries and Sector Strategies (Washington DC: Aspen Institute, Published by The American Assembly Columbia University, 2014), page #5, https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Final-Version-Connecting-People-to-Work.pdf.
23.
Michael Jones, “Impact Workforce” (presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Impact Workforce Group, May 13, 2021).
23b.
“West Side United,” RUSH, accessed April 15, 2026, https://www.rush.edu/about-us/rush-community/west-side-united.
24.
“University Hospitals Hiring and Training Programs,” Healthcare Anchor Network, accessed August 27, 2024, https://healthcareanchor.network/2023/08/university-hospitals-hiring-and-training-programs/.
25.
Dr. Cinda Herndon-King and Helen Slaven, interview by Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, February 24, 2016, transcript.
26.
Pearl Caesar, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, November 30, 2015, transcript.
27.
Tami Martin, email message to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Froedtert Health, December 2, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
27a.
Workforce Development,” West Side United, accessed April 1, 2026, https://www.westsideunited.org/programs-info/workforce-development.
28.
Margaret Lafashia, Martha Santoni, Yvette Santiago, Janet Viveiros, “Nemours Workforce Pipeline Development Program” (Slideshow, Healthcare Anchor Network, Web call, United States, June 13, 2024).
29.
Kristal Kuykendall, More states lean into healthcare partnerships with high schools (Healthcare Workforce: MedCerts: A Stride Company, 2024), https://healthcareworkforce.substack.com/p/more-states-lean-into-healthcare.
30.
Short, Tiffany. “MetroHealth Office of Equity Lincoln West Science and Health.” Lecture, Zoom Call, September 18, 2024.
31.
MetroHealth News, “MetroHealth Pledges $125,000 Toward UNCF Scholarships, Internships,” Press Release, February 15, 2023, https://news.metrohealth.org/metrohealth-pledges-125000-toward-uncf-scholarships-internships/.
31a.
Jennifer Macaulay email confirmation to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Dartmouth Health, October 24, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
32.
“Summer Camps,” Winona State University, accessed January 2nd, 2026, https://www.winona.edu/camps-conferences/summer-camps/.
33.
Laura Beeth and Mary Yang, “Workforce Partnerships Strengthening Community Partnerships” (presented at the Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 04 October 2023).
34.
Laura Beeth and Mary Yang, “Workforce Partnerships Strengthening Community Partnerships” (presented at the Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 04 October 2023).
35.
M Health Fairview, “Connecting youth with local employment opportunities,” Press Release, October 25, 2022, https://www.mhealthfairview.org/blog/connecting-local-youth-with-healthcare-employment-opportunities.
36.
Yariela Kerr-Donovan, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, January 7, 2016, transcript.
37.
Monique Daniels, presentation to HAN, “Co-Creating Change: Strengthening Community Partnerships to Achieve Long-term Systems Change,” October 9, 2024.
37a.
Nicole Stuart-Pesevic and Christopher Lee emailed to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Providence, October 10, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
1.2 Outside-in Program Design Strategies
37a.
Lorraine Lunow-Luke, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Hawaii Pacific Health, November 18, 2024, Healthcare Anchor Network.
38.
Lorraine Lunow-Luke, email message to Healthcare Anchor Network, November 18, 2024.
38b.
Lorraine Lunow-Luke, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Hawaii Pacific Health, August 5, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
38c.
Lorraine Lunow-Luke, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Hawaii Pacific Health, August 5, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
38d.
Lorraine Lunow-Luke, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Hawaii Pacific Health, August 5, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
39.
Dartmouth Health Workforce Development: Building sustainable talent pipelines in rural communities (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2023), page #2, https://healthcareanchor.network/2023/12/dartmouth-health-workforce-development/.
39a.
Vilma Cuevas and Marcus Paca, “Nuvance Health System Workforce Development: Building stronger communities through collaboration and innovation” (presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Impact Workforce call, April 10, 2025).
39b.
Marcus Paca, interview by Lauren Worth and Hue Phung, Healthcare Anchor Network, July 25, 2025.
39c.
Marcus Paca, interview by Lauren Worth and Hue Phung, Healthcare Anchor Network, July 25, 2025.
39d.
Marcus Paca, interview by Lauren Worth and Hue Phung, Healthcare Anchor Network, July 25, 2025.
39e.
Marcus Paca, interview by Lauren Worth and Hue Phung, Healthcare Anchor Network, July 25, 2025.
41.
Debbi Perkul and Danielle Price, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, January 11, 2016, transcript.
42.
Jenny Macaulay, “Fireside Chat: Building C-Suite Champions” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network 2024 Convening, St. Louis, October 8, 2024).
43.
Lori Colson, “Workforce Development: United Way Thrive Program” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Impact Workforce call, web call, August 12th, 2024.
1.3 Institutional Systems Changes
44.
“Rush Community Application Hub,” RUSH, accessed December 1, 2024, https://www.rush.edu/about-us/rush-community/rushs-anchor-mission-strategy/rush-community-application-hub.
45.
“Community Impact Report,” West Side United, accessed December 1, 2024, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/
45a.
Jones, Michael, “Background Check Workgroup,” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network, April 23, 2024).
46.
Jones, Michael, “Background Check Workgroup,” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network, April 23, 2024).
46.
Jones, Michael, “Background Check Workgroup,” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network, April 23, 2024).
47.
“The Bias of ‘Professionalism’ Standards,” Stanford Social Innovation Review accessed November 1, 2024, https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_bias_of_professionalism_standards.
48.
Seanna Ruvkun and Kristin Driscoll, “Getting Started with Impact Workforce Strategies,” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, Los Angeles, California, October 4th, 2023).
49.
Mary Kate Daly, email message to Lauren Worth, Luries Children's, November 20, 2024, Healthcare Anchor Network.
50.
Shira Shavit, “Building Hiring Pathways to Include Justice-Involved Individuals: How to Get Started and Find Partners to Work With,” (Presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, Detroit, Michigan, October 18-20th, 2022).
51.
“United for ALICE Wage Tool,” United for ALICE, accessed November 8, 2024, https://www.unitedforalice.org/wage-too.
52.
Victoria Ngo, Hendry Ton, Lyndon Huling, Khoban Kochai, Caesar Dennis, and David Lubarsky, “Using Social Determinants to Diversify the Health Care Workforce: UC Davis Health’s Playbook,” NEJM Catalyst 5, no. 1 (2023), DOI: 10.1056/CAT.23.0261.
53.
Victoria Ngo, Hendry Ton, Lyndon Huling, Khoban Kochai, Caesar Dennis, and David Lubarsky, “Using Social Determinants to Diversify the Health Care Workforce: UC Davis Health’s Playbook,” NEJM Catalyst 5, no. 1 (2023), DOI: 10.1056/CAT.23.0261.
53a.
Susan Salomone, email message to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Ochsner Health, March 1, 2026, Healthcare Anchor Network.
53b.
Yvonne Mitchell, Aleesha Smoot, Anita Waters Hammond emailed Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Johns Hopkins Talent Acquisition Center of Expertise, November 19th, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
56.
University of California San Francisco, “Workforce Agreement Supports Local Labor for Oakland Hospital,” Press Release, June 11, 2024, https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2024/06/427856/workforce-agreement-supports-local-labor-oakland-hospital.
57.
“Clearing the Path to Supply Chain Career Success,” RUSH, accessed November 11, 2024, https://www.rush.edu/news/clearing-path-supply-chain-career-success.
1.4 Strategies for Intermediary Organization Partners
58.
Activating place-based partnerships for equitable economic development: A playbook for anchor collaboratives (Healthcare Anchor Network: Healthcare Anchor Network, 2024), https://anchorcollaboratives.healthcareanchor.network/.
59.
“Activating place-based partnerships for equitable economic development: A playbook for anchor collaboratives (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2024), section # 2.1 Impact Workforce, https://anchorcollaboratives.healthcareanchor.network/.
60.
“San Mateo County Passes Anchor Institutions Resolution,” Get Healthy San Mateo County, accessed January 3, 2024, https://www.gethealthysmc.org/post/san-mateo-county-passes-anchor-institutions-resolution.
61.
Sharron DiMario, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, December 3, 2015, transcript.
2.1 Core Elements of Inside-up Programs
63.
Bridgett Beene and Tanisha Isom, “Teammate Success Coaching (TMSC): Advancing employee financial stability and addressing barriers to retention” (Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, St. Louis, October 8, 2024).
64.
Dr. Cinda Herndon-King and Helen Slaven, interview by Katie Parker, Healthcare Anchor Network, February 24, 2016, transcript.
65.
Frank Robinson, “Employers Principles for Helping Employees Thrive,” (Impact Workforce Group Call, Healthcare Anchor Network, Webinar, October 8, 2024.)
66.
“Vocare Education Program: Providing debt-free career training for associates,” Ascension, accessed November 13, 2024, https://jobs.ascension.org/us/en/blogarticle/vocare-education-program-providing-debtfree-career-training-for-associates.
67.
Rebecca Aldrich, Jerry Baake, Betsy Hassan, “University of Vermont Health Network Center for Workforce Development,” (presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network, Impact Workforce Call, March 14, 2024).
68.
University of Vermont Health Network (Burlington Vermont: University of Vermont Health Network and National Fund for Workforce Solutions, n.d.), page #4, https://nationalfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/CareerSTAT_Champions_UVM_08.29.2024.pdf.
68a.
Kaiser Permanente & Futuro Health: Creating education journeys into allied health careers (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2023), page #4, https://healthcareanchor.network/2023/02/kaiser-permanentes-futuro-health/.
68b.
Jasmine Brar emailed Hue Phung and Lauren Worth updated impact numbers, Kaiser Permanente, September 25, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
68c.
RyLee Curtis, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, The University of Utah Health, August 6, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
2.2 Inside-up Program Design Strategies
Kim Shelnick and Adrianne Shadd, email message to authors, November 25, 2024, Healthcare Anchor Network.
UH Media Relations, “Lorain County Community College and UH Deliver New LPN Earn and Learn Program,” University Hospitals, August 10, 2022, https://news.uhhospitals.org/news-releases/articles/2022/08/lorain-county-community-college-and-uh-deliver-new-lpn-earn-and-learn-program.
“Activating place-based partnerships for equitable economic development: A playbook for anchor collaboratives (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2024), section # 2.1 Impact Workforce, https://anchorcollaboratives.healthcareanchor.network/.
Shelly Martin, “Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center’s Employee Resource Center” (presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Impact Workforce Group, Web, December 8, 2022).
2.3 Institutional System Changes
72b.
Debbi Perkul and Danielle Price, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, Cleveland, OH, January 11, 2016, transcript.
73.
Anne Kandilis, Josephine Hauer, and Donald Jonas “Helping Families Climb the Economic Ladder by Addressing Benefit Cliffs,” (HAN Impact Workforce Call, Springfield WORKS and Atrium Health, Webinar, September 08, 2022).
74.
“Employee Resource Center (ERC),” (presentation to Healthcare Anchor Network Impact Workforce group, The Ohio State University, December 2022).
75.
Coletta Barrett and Karen Estela, “We Listen, We Heal: Promoting Health Equity and Improving Patient Outcomes, Nurse Leader 21 (2003): 619-622, accessed November 4, 2025, https://www.nurseleader.com/article/S1541-4612(23)00237-9/fulltext.
76.
“Who Experiences Default?,” Pew, data visualization by Pew, accessed November 10, 2025, https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/data-visualizations/2024/who-experiences-default.
76a.
“Who Experiences Default?,” Pew, data visualization by Pew, accessed November 10, 2025, https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/data-visualizations/2024/who-experiences-default.
76b.
“The Student Loan Default Divide: Racial Inequities Play a Role,” Pew, accessed November 10, 2025, https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2024/12/the-student-loan-default-divide-racial-inequities-play-a-role
76c.
American Association of University Women, “Analysis: Women Hold Two-Thrids of Country’s $1.4-Trillion Student Debt,” Press Release, May 21, 2018, https://www.aauw.org/resources/news/media/press-releases/analysis-women-hold-two-thirds-of-countrys-1-4-trillion-student-debt/.
76d.
Pete Pappas, “Nursing degrees lose professional status under new federal loan rules: New borrowing caps could leave future nurses with fewer financing options as hospitals brace for persistent workforce shortages,” Digital Health Insights, December 12, 2025, https://dhinsights.org/news/nursing-degrees-lose-professional-status-under-new-federal-loan-rules.
77.
PeopleJoy and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, “Premier Student Loan Employee Benefits,” (presentation for the Healthcare Anchor Network IW group, May 9, 2024).
78.
A full list of strategies can be found in Anna Afshar, New Arguments for Employer-Assisted Housing (New England Community Developments: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2006), page #3, https://share.google/getfqdQiIwvvsWB4Z.
79.
“MetroHealth announces $60 million investment in Clark-Fulton neighborhood apartments,” Cleveland, July 02, 2019, https://www.cleveland.com/business/2019/06/metrohealth-announces-60-million-investment-in-clark-fulton-neighborhood-apartments.html.
80.
Dartmouth Health Workforce Development (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2023), page #5, https://healthcareanchor.network/2023/12/dartmouth-health-workforce-development/.
81.
Shweta Ubhayakar, interviewed by Lauren Worth, Healthcare Anchor Network, 2022, phone interview.
3.1 Goal Setting
Amy Kind and William Buckingham., “Making Neighborhood Disadvantage Metrics Accessible: The Neighborhood Atlas.,” New England Journal of Medicine, 378, no 26 (2018): 2456-2458. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1802313.
“About the Neighborhood Atlas and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) 2015 Area Deprivation Index v2.0.,” University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Public Health, accessed May 23, 2019, https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu.
Zinzi D Bailey et al., “Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions,” Lancet vol. 389,10077 (2017): 1453-1463, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X.
Robert B Baker et al., “African American physicians and organized medicine, 1846-1968: origins of a racial divide,” JAMA vol. 300,3 (2008): 306-13, doi:10.1001/jama.300.3.306.
3.2 Retention Strategies
86.
Rockwood, Kate. 2022. “How Learning and Development Can Attract and Retain Talent.” SHRM. https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/all-things-work/how-learning-development-can-attract-and-retain-talent.
88.
Andrew Chamberlain, “Why Do Employees Stay? A Clear Career Path and Good Pay, for Starters,” Harvard Business Review, March 06, 2017, accessed May 2, 2022, https://hbr.org/2017/03/why-do-employees-stay-a-clear-career-path-and-good-pay-for-starters.
88b.
Maggie Randolph, email to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Trinity Health, April 7th, 2026, Healthcare Anchor Network.
89a.
“What We Mean By ‘Worker Voice,’” National Fund for Workforce Solutions, accessed December 18, 2024, https://nationalfund.org/our-solutions/equip-workers-for-success/what-we-mean-by-worker-voice.
89b.
Ellen Frank-Miller, Molly Wendland, and Madi Ryan, Supporting New Hires, Success (Shift Work Forward, 2024), page #1 and page #3, https://shiftworkforward.org/resource/supporting-new-hires-success/.
3.3 Setting the Stage for Transformative Impact
90.
Kelly Aiken, Crystal Roberts-Gilbert, and Chris Lee, “Laying the Foundations for Impact Workforce Strategies” (presentation from the Healthcare Anchor Network, Los Angeles, October 3, 2023).
91.
Boris Sigal, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, New Haven, CT, April 1, 2016, notes.
92.
For a chart describing strategies for employer-assisted housing, see: Anna Afshar, New Arguments for Employer-Assisted Housing (New England Community Developments: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2006), page #3, https://share.google/getfqdQiIwvvsWB4Z.
93.
“Community Land Trusts,” Grounded Solutions Network, accessed 12/01/2024, http://community-wealth.org/strategies/panel/clts/index.html.
94.
Robert McGranaghan, interview by David Zuckerman and Katie Parker, April 7, 2016, transcript.
94b.
Jasmine Brar emailed Hue Phung and Lauren Worth updated impact numbers, Kaiser Permanente, September 25, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
95.
Seanna Ruvkun and Kristin Driscoll, “Getting Started with Impact Workforce Strategies” (presentation, Healthcare Anchor Network Convening, Los Angeles, October 4, 2023.
4 Diving In
98.
Lucretia Murphy and Lisa Soricone, Freedom to Achieve: Pathways and Practices for Economic Advancement After Incarceration (Boston, MA: Jobs for the Future, 2021), https://www.jff.org/resources/freedom-achieve-pathways-and-practices-economic-advancement-after-incarceration/.
99.
Lucretia Murphy and Lisa Soricone, Freedom to Achieve: Pathways and Practices for Economic Advancement After Incarceration (Boston, MA: Jobs for the Future, 2021), https://www.jff.org/resources/freedom-achieve-pathways-and-practices-economic-advancement-after-incarceration/.
99b.
Renyea Colvin, email message to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, University of California San Francisco, August 14, 2025, Healthcare Anchor Network.
100.
Advocate Health Returning Citizens Initiative case study (Healthcare Anchor Network, 2023) page #2.
100b.
Nellie Bannister, email message to Hue Phung and Lauren Worth, Kaiser Permanente, February 27, 2026, Healthcare Anchor Network.
5 Return on Investment and Measuring Impact
101.
The cost savings and impact sections below are from the Return on Investment Tool created by New Growth Group: Chris Spence and Brian Schmotzer, “ROI Worksheet,” New Growth Group, 2014.
102.
Randall Wilson and Kelly Aiken, Guide to Investing in Frontline Health Care Workers (National Fund for Workforce Solutions, 2016), https://nationalfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/CareerSTAT-guide_R12.pdf.
103.
Timothy Hinkin and J. Bruce Tracey, “The Cost of Turnover: Putting a Price on the Learning Curve,” The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 41, 3: 14-21, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247274009_The_Cost_of_TurnoverPutting_a_Price_on_the_Learning_Curve.
103b.
Lisa Wright, “Average Turnover Rate in Healthcare: 2025 Data,” The Resource, November 19th, 2025, https://www.theresource.com/2025/11/19/healthcare-turnover-rate/.
104.
William Krech, “Rush University Medical Center Healthcare Anchor Network” (presentation, Rush University Medical Center, Healthcare Anchor Network, web, August 8th, 2024).
105.
“This Fixable Problem Costs U.S. Businesses $1 Trillion,” Gallup, accessed November 5th, 2024, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/247391/fixable-problem-costs-businesses-trillion.aspx.
106.
William Krech, “Rush University Medical Center Healthcare Anchor Network” (presentation, Rush University Medical Center, Healthcare Anchor Network, web, August 8th, 2024).